Electric condenser construction and art of making the same



March 9, 1937. F. s. SMITH 2,073,355

ELECTRIC CONDENSER CONSTRUCTION AND ART OF MAKING THE SAME Filed Dec. 14, 1931 3 Shets-Sheet 1 arch 9, 1937. F. s. SMITH 25073355 ELECTRIC CONDENSEH CONSTRCTION AND ART OF lMAKING THE SAME Filed Dec.` 14, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 l BY ATTORNEYs I 'mmnnnn ma March 9, 1937. F. s. SMITH 2,073,355

`ELECTRIC CONDENSER CONSTRUCTION AND ART OF MAKING THE SAME Filed DSC. 14, 1951 5 Sheets-s119612 INVENTOR BY ATTORNEY5 Patented Mar. 9, 1,937

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ELECTRIC CONDENSER CONSTRUCTION AND ART OF. MAKING THE SAME 24 Claims.

This invention relates to electric condenser construction and the art of making the same.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a rugged and compact condenser construction having a high vcapacity per unit volume.

Another object is to provide a condenser construction that is easily assembled and lends itself to rapid. and economical production. Another object is to provide a condenser construction which is dependable and eflicient in operation and thoroughly reliable over long periods of use. Another object is to provide a construction of the above-mentioned character which requires a minimum amount of maintenance and attention l5 and is well adapted to meet the varying conditions of actual use. Another object is to provide a condenser construction whose capacity may be quickly and accurately determined in the course of construction. or prior to its assembly. Other objects will be in part obvious or in part .pointed out hereinafter'. j

` The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements, arrangements of parts and in the several steps and relation and order of each of the same to one or more of the others, all as will be illustratively described herein, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims. In the accompanying drawings, in which is shown one of the various possible embodiments of my invention,-

Figure 1 is a central vertical sectional view of a completely assembled condenser;

Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view taken in a plane substantially at right angles to that of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of Figure 1 in the direction 4-0 indicated;

Figure 4 is a horizontal sectional view taken along the line 4--4 of Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of Figure 1 and on an enlarged scale showing certain mechanical relations between certain of the condenser plates and the central rod extending through the plates.

Figure 6 is a plan view on a smaller scale of a condenser plate used in one set of plates;

Figure '7 is a plan view on a similar smaller scale y of a condenser plate of a complementary set of plates, and i Figure .8 is a plan view on a like. smaller scale of one of the condenser plate separators. Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several viewsin the drawings.

Referring now to the drawings and more particularly to Figures 1 and 2 thereof, there is shown a casing or container Ill preferably in the 5 form of a cylindrical steel tank capable of Withstanding substantial pressures and having a lower integral end portion II and an upper open end. The tank, after insertion therein of the apparatus, is closed by an upper shell or closure I4 which 10 is preferably inserted within the upper end portion whose edges are then bentover and welded thereto as at I3 to give a gas-tight fit.

The container I 0 is preferably supported with its axis in a vertical position, as by legs I5 secured 15 or welded to the tank I0 and to a base I6. As an aid to handling the completed structure, there is Vprovided a ring I1 (Figure 2) which is preferably welded to the upper end or shell I4 of the casing III. v

Within the container Ill, and preferably coaxially therewith, there is provided a condenser plate assembly, generally indicated in Figure 1 at I8, which is supported from the bottom II in a manner more clearly described hereinafter. 25 The condenser assembly I8 includes a`1ower' clamping plate 20 (Figures 1, 2 and 4) which presents an upper disk-like face 2| threaded onto the lower end of a rod 25, the plate 20 being provided with a centrally positioned and downwardly exv30 tending boss 22 into which the threaded rod 25 is threaded as at 24, and an upper disk-like plate 33 provided with an upwardly directed cylindrical extension 33a through which the upper end of the rod 25 is slidably received (see Figures 1 and 2). 35

In between the clamping plates 20 and 33 and strung onto the rod` 25, all ofthese parts being preferably made of metal, are the condenser plates alternated with suitable solid dielectric-inaterial-'to form ar stack which may be tightly com- 40 pressed between the end clamping plates 2li and 33 by the action of a nut 35 threaded onto the upper threaded end 28 of the'rod 25, a suitable collar 34 being interposed between' the nut 35 and the shoulder 33m of the plate 33 if desired. 45 The clamping pressure may be exerted through the nut 35 to any extent desired. The collar 34 will be seen (Figures 1 and 2) to be of lesser. outside diameter than the outside dimensions of the nut 35, thus to permit the plate assembly to be 50 temporarily grabbed or secured to any suitable hoisting mechanism. Considering now in detail the assembly of the plates and insulation material, it is rst to be noted that I preferably make the condenser plates 55 of disks of thin metal, such as soft brass foil which may be 0.001 inch or 0.002 inch or the like in thickness. In Figure 6 I have shown on a smaller scale one of the plates 30 that are to be connected together to form one plate electrode of the condenser. In Figure '7 I have shown on a similarly reduced scale a. foil plate 3|, a suitable number of which are alternated with the plates 30 and which are to be connected together to from the other plate electrode of the condenser. In Figure 8 I have shown an insulating member 32 in a disk-like form or shape made of solid dielectric material, such as mica, a suitable number of which are alternated with the plates 30 and 3| to insulate the latter from each other. 'I'he dimensions of these three parts bear a certain relation to each other and to related parts, such as the center rod 25 of Figures 1 and 2.

'I'he foil plates 30 have an outside diameter substantially equivalent to the diameter of the face 2| of the clamping disk 20 (Figuresl and 2), the lower face of clamping disk 33 .being of a like diameter. The rod 25 (see Figure 5) has milled throughout its length a slot 26 not unlike a deep key-way. The foil plates 36 (see Figures 5 and 6) have a central hole 3|)b equal to or slightly greater than the outside diameter of rod 25 and an integral tab 30a dimensioned so that it is easily and relatively snugly received into the slot 26 of the rod 25.

In building up the condenser assembly, I may first assemble plate 20 to the one end of rod 25 (Figure 1), then slide onto the rod 25 a plate 30 with its tab 30 projecting into the slot 26 of the rod 25. Next I string onto'the rod 25 an insulating member 32, the latter having a central hole 32a (Figure 8) Whose diameter closely matches the diameter of rod 25; the diameter of the insulating member 32 is-somewhat lgreater than that of the foil member 30 so that the former peripherally overlaps the latter (see Figure 1) On top of insulator 32 is now placed a foil plate member 3| (Figure 7), the latter having a central hole 3|a that is. materially greater than the diameter of rod 25. The diameter of the disk foil plate 3| is in turn materially greater than the diameter of the insulating member 32. In Stringing the foil plate 3| and putting it into position, it is centered with respect to the rod 25 and the parts already strung onto the latter.

Next there is strung onto the rod 25 a foil plate 30 with its tab 30a again in the slot 26, then an insulating disk 32, then a foil plate 3|, and so on until the desired number of foil plates and insulators have been alternated with one another.

, There is thus achieved an arrangement in which the rod 25 accurately centers and alines the foil disk plates 30 and also the insulating members 32 with all of the tabs 3|)l1 of the .plates 30 projecting into the slot 26 and with the peripheral portions of the plates 3l projecting uniformly beyond the alined peripheries of the insulators 32. i

-As the assembly thus proceeds,- these peripheral portions 3|b of the plates 3| are bent downwardly so that they successively overlap being of suicient length to do so. If desired, these projecting peripheral portions 3| of the plates may be cut radially so as to facilitate the downward bending thereof into overlapping relation. This may be achieved as by drawing a sharp edged instrument three or four or more times across the projecting peripheral portions and in a direction parallel to the rod 25. These overlapping portions are thus brought into electrical connec-V tion with each other and thus all of the plate members 3| are in electrical contact with each other.

In order to determine whether or not the correct number of plates have been strung onto the rod 25, I may test the capacity of the condenser assemblage as far as the latter-has proceeded by any suitable form of capacity measuring circuit or instrument or the like, utilizing the overlapping peripheral portions 3|h of the plates 3| as one terminal of the condenser and utilizing the rod 25 as the other terminal, the tabs 3|)a being in electrical contact therewith.

But in order to insurea good connection electrically to all of the plates 30, during this testing step, I insert into the bottom of slot 26 (see Figure 5) a ro'd 36 of semi-circular cross-section, the rod fitting or bottoming into the rounded bottom of the slot 26. Thereupon the rod 36 is given a turn through about and into the dotted line position 36a of Figure 5, in which its one edge portion embeds itself in the tabs 3|!8L and makes a good electrical contact therewith and also with the rod 25. Thus, through either the temporary rod 36 or the rod 25 or both, a good electrical connection to all of the plates 30 is assured for test ing purposes. Depending upon what the test indicates as to: the capacity of the assemblage, plates and insulators are added to or removed therefrom, as the case may be, the end clamping plate 33 being removable.

'I 'he tabs 30a of the plates 36 are tinned on both sides prior to their assembly. The inside walls of the slot 26 in the rod 25 (Figure 5) are also tinned with solder but preferably heavily tinned so as to supply the slot with a substantial quantity of solder.

After the desired number of plates and insulating disks have been ,assembled and the assemblage tightly enough clamped together between the plates 2U and. 33, the assemblage is placed in a suitable oven and heated to a suiiicient temperature to melt the solder with which the tabs 302l and the slot 26 have been supplied by the heavy tinning. The tabs 30a, which otherwise t snugly within the slot 26, are thusv all mechanically and electrically connected to the rod 25 and thus a dependable electrical connection of all of the plates 30 to the rod 25 assured. An advantage of soldering the tabs 309' to the connecting rod 25 in the above-described manner resides in the fact that the entire condenser assemblage is. raised to the sametemperature so that the condensation of solder on parts such as the mica or other insulators 32, which might take place if the latter were at a lower temperature, is precluded and thus I do not endanger the insulating properties of the insulators 32.

Then I solder the overlappingfiange parts 3|b of the plates 3| (see Figure 1) together, forming in effect a cylindrical metallic sheath about the capacity-forming portion of the apparatus.

Projecting downwardly from the under side of the lower clamping disk 20 (Figure l) are three legs 20a, 20h, and 23, of which legs 2|)a and 20|D are integrally formed With-the plate 20 and are shaped substantially as is shown in Figure 1, each having drilled and reamed through the lower face thereof a tapered opening 20c, asis better shown in Figure 1 with respect to the leg 20a.

The third leg 23 ismade of solid dielectric material such as molded phenolic condensation product and comprises a vertically extending 2,073,355 portion 23a and an upper horizontally directed"- portion 23" and a lower horizontally extending -portion 23; the portion 23b nts into a suitable ure 1) similar to the recess 20 of the'legs 20 J and 20. A conductor 31 suitably secured. to the vertical shank portion of the member 38 is soldered or otherwise secured to the overlapping peripheral portions 3.!h of the lower few of the plates 3|. Thus, the plates 3|, electrically interconnected as abovedescribed. are electrically connected to'the terminal connection member 38 which is insulated from the remaining parts thus far described and which forms a leg which' mayy function as a support in conjunction with the remaining legs 20l and 20"; the latter, being of metal and integrally formed with thei plate 20, are in electrical/connection with the shaft 25 to which, as already above described, the

plates 30 are electrically connected by the tabs 30 and the fused metal, Illustratively solder.

The above described condenser plate assemblage which, before applying the nut 35, may be tightly .compressed in a hydraulic press, is thus unitary and is ready to be let down -into the tank I0, yas viewed in Figures 1 and 2, the reduced'collar 34 permitting any suitable hoisting mechanism or the like to get a good hold underneath the-.nut 35 for lifting and lowering the condenser unit.

'As it is lowered .down into the tankil'o the tapered recesses 20 of the legs 20a and 20b and the recess 38e ofthe vmember 38 are entered ,by correspondingly. tapered pins, three iii-number, and equidistantly ure 1 two of these studs,I namely studs 1I and.

50, are clearly shown in side elevation.

ring-like member 43 (Figures 1, 2 and 3) made of solid dielectric material, such as molded phenolic condensation product, while ring member 43 itself is secured to and supported by.a spider having asuitable number of arms 4,0 (Figure 3) certain of which are secured to the'member 43 asv by screwsl 13 (Figure 3) and whose central ring member 4l from which the arms 40 radially"r emanate, is supported in a manner more clearly described hereinafter.

Projecting radially inwardly Afrom and supported by the ring 43 are two metal studs 46 and u;4 (Figuras V1 and 3) the Shanks u and 14 -of which are received in suitable radially extending openings in the ring membe'rg43. The lower cylindrical end portions of thextapered studs 1I and 60 (Figure l) are snuglyiitted into suitable openings, 43 and 43b in thefring member 43 which register respectively with correspondinglyv dimensioned openings 46 and 16a, thus lock' ing 'the studs against removal from. the ring 43. The tapered studs themselves are" locked in place by set screws 49. (Figure V1) threadedinto the ends of thestuds. 46 and 16. Thus the latter are rigidly and*V ependably supported by the fring 43 rand likewsare -the two'tapered studs 1I .mar so.

.Stud 'I2 is (Figlllf'Y fitted into a Suitable respacedjust as'are the tapered' recesses themselves; in' Figure 3 these tapered.

cess in the ring 43 and locked in place by a-set screw 45.

As the condenser unit I8 is thus lowered into,

in place before the condenser unit I8 is loweredA into positiony inside the container I0 and like-- wise electricalv connection through the wall of the container I0 to the studs 46 and 16 is completed before the unit I8 is placed in the container.

Considering now how these features are achieved, it isiirst tobe noted that the bottom II of the tank l0 is provided with an opening into which is passed ametal bushing Vt2 provided with a flange 42a adapted to rest against the outer face of bottom I'I to which it is welded as at 11. Bushing 42 extends upwardly into the tank where it is threaded exteriorly as at 42h. The collar portion 4I of the spidertll-'TGI (see Figure 2') is internally threaded and, with the ring 43 attached thereto, it'is threaded onto the threaded portion 42h 'and driven home, thus not only sec`u'rely.and rigidlyv holding member 43 in position .with its yplane perpendicular to. the axis 'oil thecylindricaltank I 0 but also -securely clamp-p ing thebottom Il' between itself'and the ange .42, thus reinforcing the welded joint 11.

Spider 40-4,I,after being screwed home on the bush ing .42,may bel securely locked in place as'by set screws 13 (Figures 2 and 3);?

Thejlower portion of bushing 42 is exteriorly threaded as at 42 and threaded thereon and sealed thereto, as by any suitable cement, is a heavy cap-like housing I2 of 4solid dielectric mate- `-rial,'.sucl1 as molded phenolic condensation product'which has tworadially extending connecting screws 6I. and 62 passed therethrough (see yFigures 1 .and 2) and sealed with a suitable These three' studs are supported by a heavy cement or the like.' These connecting members may be ShapedsO'meWhat as is better shown .in FigureZ and may be exteriorly threaded as at 62a to receive a nut or the like so thatr electrical con-- Figures l and 3) to which they are securely fastened. i

, This fastening may be achieved in any suitable way. For example, before passing the conductors through the openings in the studs 46 and 16, the latter have threaded-thereon lock nuts 56, nuts 65, and Vwashers 54 (Figures l1 and 3). The nuts 55 are thenV rotated 'to move them toward the -inner ends of the threaded studs,- thus securely clamping the two conductors between the end4 portions of the studs and the washers 54. Lock nuts 56 may then be tightened up to hold the connection securely intact.- -These connections are achieved. before thev condenser unit I8 is lowered into place and after' the spiderl l0- 4I and the ring 43 are mounted in place.

As has been above describedand asis better shown in Figures 1 and 2, the lower plate 2o is provided with a downwardly extending boss 22 into which the clamping rod 25 is threaded; the

lower end of boss 22 is provided with a trans-4 versely extending cylindrical opening through which is passed a tubular member 58 (Figures 1, 2 and 4) of solid dielectric material,. such as molded phenolic condensation product, its tubular cross-section giving it substantial mechanical rigidity and resistance against bending. Member 58 is of a diameter to snugly i'lt intothis opening and is h ld therein as by a screw 80 (Figures 1, 2 and 1i) and it is of a length substantially equivalent to the inside diameter of the tank I0. At its outer ends it is provided with suitable openings to receive two screws 51 (Figures 2 and 4) which are adapted to be passed through suit--v place as above described so that its weight is tank ls filled with a gaseous dielectric under prescarried by the ring 43 and the electrical connections to the studs, 66 and I6 made as above described, a long screw driver may be passed down between the unit and the wall of the casing and the twoscrews 51 (Figures 2 and3) tightened up.

The two screws thus' draw the condenser unit downwardlly toward the ring member 43 and tightly interiitthe tapered pins 1I, 'I2 and 50 (Figures 1 and 3) intothe tapered recess of the three supporting lugs not only to insure a good mechanical connection therebetween but also to' insure a good electrical connection between the leg 20a andpin 'II (Figure 1) and the contact member 38 and pin 50. The screws 51, in thus securely holding the condenser unit I8 against disconnection from the spider dll-4I, insures that the unit is held coaxially with the tank even though the ultimate construction is turned upside down or laid over on its side, though it is intended to function in an upright position, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.

The end shell I4 (Figures 1 and 2) is then secured and welded in place whereupon the sealed sure such as nitrogen at a pressure on the order of 15 atmospheres; this iilling of the apparatus with the gas maybe achieved in any suitable manner or shown).

The gaseous dielectric under pressure permeates through the condenser unit and coacts withthe solid dielectric material 32 interposed between the condenser plates and achieves a coaction that is particularly advantageous where the solid` dielectric material is mica. The advantages and coactlons of the gaseous dielectric with the mica are fully described in my copending application Serial No. 580,908 led December l material that is employed and so vastly and greatly reduces surface leakage along the 'solid dielectric material that I am enabled to make the condenser plates 30 of larger diameter relative to the plates 3| and the openings 3|a of the latter.

through any suitable device (notv therewith if they are to withstand the high pressures that I employ; but in spite of such limitations, such features as I 'have above described make it possible for me to still achieve high electrical capacity within the prescribed limits. may also be pointed out that, in condenser construction, the greatest concentration of dielectric stress between opposed plates occurs at the juxtaposed edges thereof and that it is at the edges of the plates that the dielectric is subjected to a strain or stress far greater than is the case at points intermediate or remote from the plateedges; by the above-described arrangement, I achieve an insulation at the edges of the plates by the same thickness of dielectric material that exists between the plates at other points but coacting with this same -thickness of solid dielectric material, at the edge portions, is the- .centrated dielectric stress is sub-divided-between the two dielectricsinversely as their permittivlties and thus I am enabled to reduce the stress on the solid dielectric material to around one-third, one-fourth, one-fifth, or the like, of what it would otherwise have been, depending upon the. permittivity of the material employed. The apparatus may thus function at substantial voltages and the coaction of the gaseous dielectric under pressure with the vsolid dielectric material in reducing surface leakage over the latter further makes it possible, by. way of illustration, to4 greatly shorten the solid dielectric member 23 (Figure 1) which forms one of the supporting legs so that Iam enabled to make available a greater axial length ofthe interior ofthe casing for the electric capacity-forming elements.

The solid dielectric tubular cross-member 58 (Figure 2) and the member 43, also having coacting' therewith the gaseousl dielectric under pressure, achieve a dependable and reliable mechanical support as well as compact .and dependable electrical isolation of the conductive parts of my apparatus from the container and. related parts.

I have above pointed out that the condenserl plates may be made of brass foil and soldered,

through the tonguesor tabsfll (Figures 5 and 6) to the rod 25, but I may employ any other suitable metal. Also, instead of initially tinning thel tabs 3|!a and the slot 26 in the rod 25, and subsequently fusing the solder, I may eect an interconnection of the tabs allby casting a molten metal such as solder, lead, or the like, into theslot 28 with the unit' I8 held horizontally, the metal owing along the. bottom of the slot 26 and 5 vided in this invention a condenser constructionv in -which the various objects hereinabove pointed out, together with many thoroughly advantages, are successfully achieved.

As many possible embodiments may be made 10 of the mechanical features of the above invention and as the artherein described might be varied in various parts, all without departing from the scope of the invention, it is to be understood that all matter hereinabove set forth or shown in the lli-accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

I'claim: f yl.4 'I'he herein described method of condenserconstruction which consists in coating with solder 20 .tab-like' portions of condenser plates, alinlng the plates so that the tabs project into a groove of a conductive member, and heating the assemblage to cause the solder to melt and join saidpor.- tions to said member.

2. The herein described method of condenser construction which consists in forming condenser Plates. with tab-like portions, alining said plates with respect to a grooved conductive member so that the tab-like portions project into the 30 groove. applying a metal of low melting point to the tab-'like portions or said plate prior to their assembly' with respect to said member, heating the assemblage to cause the vapplied metal to melt, and allowing'the assemblage to cool. 35 3. In condenser construction, i'n combination, a rod having a groove extending therealong, condenser plates and sheet insulation material strung v onto said rod to form a condenser, the plates of one' polarity 4having tabs projecting into said 40 `groove and the plates of opposite polarity pro- .iectingbeyond the insulation material, and means yfor electrically joining said tabs to said rod.

4.. In condenser construction, in combination, a rod having a groove extending therealong, con# 5 denser plates and sheet insulation material strung onto said rod to form a condenser, thej plates of lone. polarity. having tabs projecting into said fgroove and the plates of oppositepolarity projecting beyond the insulation material, said last- 50 mentioned projecting portions being bent over to overlap one another, means for making electrical connection to said overlapping portions,A and means for making electrical connection to saidrod. In condenser construction, in combination, .a rnd having a groove extending therealong, condenser plates and sheet insulation material strung onto said rod to 'form a condenser, the plates of one polarity havingtabs" projecting into said i groove and the plates of opposite polarityprojectin'gbeyond the insulation material, means securing said tabs to saidrod, and means electrically interconnecting said plate portions. that project beyond said insulating material. g .6. In condenser construction, in combination,

a rod having a groove extending therealong, condenser plates and sheet insulation material strung onto said rod to form a condenser, the plates of one polarity 4having tabs projecting into said '0 groove and the plates of opposite polarity projecting beyond the insulation material, the projecting portions of said second-,mentioned set of I.plates being bent tooverlap each other and said overlapping portionsbeing solderedtogether. '5 f 7. In condenser construction, in combination,

practical a rod of circular cross-section having a slot extending lengthwise theieof, a s'et of condenser plates strung thereon and having tabs projecting into said slot, a second set of condenser plates strung onto said rod, the plates of said second set l having an opening therein greater than the crosssection of said rod, and sheet-like insulating'ma-v.

ter-iai interposed between the plates of said sets and having an opening therein great enough to `receive said rod therethrough but smaller than the openings in the plates'oi said second set.

8. In condenser construction, incombination,

a rod of circular cross-section having a slot extending lengthwise thereof, a setfgof condenser plates strung thereon and having tabs projecting into said slot, a second set'of condenser plates- 4strung onto said rod, the plates ,of 'said second set having an opening therein greater than the crosssection-of said rod, the platesof said second set having over-all dimensions greater than the overtionsprojecting into said groove.

v side andy inside diameters than the respective outside and inside diameters of the plates of the other set, and one set having tongue-like por- 4. l,

Y 10. In condenser construction, in combination, -l a rod of round cross-'section having a slot extend- .ing therealong, a pluralityv ofalternated' condenser plates strung thereonfto form two sets of plates, .all of the plates being annular in shape and the plates of one set having greater outside and inside diameters than the respective outdiameter intermediate of the outside diameters cf the plates of said two sets.

11. In condenser construction, in combination,

f a casing having an insulating support adjacent its bottom, said insulating support carryingl a conductive member projecting therefrom, a con-l denser unit having a plurality of supporting means adapted when inserted into said casing tov be supported by said insulating support, one of said supporting means being in electrical coriu Anection with one electrical side of said condenser unit and contacting 'with said conductive member projecting from said insulating support.

12. In condenser construction, in combination,

a casing having supporting means adjacent its bottom 'and carrying a plurality of connecting members insulated from eachv other', means for insulatingly making electrical connection from -the exterior of said casing to said connecting members, a condenser unit adapted to be supported by said supporting means, and a plurality of connecting members in electrical connection with the terminals of said condenser unit for enacting respectively with said mst-mentioned connecting members and to become 'interconnected therewithI when said unit is putin place upon said support. 13. In condenser constructinn, in combination.

a casing having in one end thereof a support having a 4plurality of tapered studs projecting upwardly therefrom one of said studs being insulated from the rest and being provided with means for making an lelectrical connection thereto, a condenser having a plurality of means each provided with a tapered recess for respectively re.

ceiving the said tapered studs, the means that receive said insulated stud being in electrical connection with one side of said condenser, there being a space between the side of said condenser and the inside wall of said casing, means in mechanical connection with said condenser and projecting into said space, and means capable of manipuation through said space for forcing and holding said last-mentioned means and said support one toward the other and thereby to hold said tapered studs against egress from said tapered recesses.

14. In condenser construction, in combination, a casing having therein a support, a condenser unit, said parts being provided with interttlng tapered parts there being a space between said condenser wall and a wall of saidl casing,` and means having an operable portion accessible by way of said space for drawing said condenser unit and support together.

15. In condenser construction, in combination, a casing having an opening therein, a sleeve-like metal bushing secured in said opening and having insulating means associated therewithnexterlorly of said casing, conductive means passing through said insulating means and said bushing and into said casing, said bushing having athreaded portion accessible from the interior of said casing, and electrical apparatus within the latter and connected to said conductive means, and means in threaded connection with said bushing for positioning said apparatus.

16. In condenser construction, in combination, a c asing having an opening therein, a sleeve-likeV metal bushing secured in said openings and hav'- ing insulating means associated therewith lexteriorly of said casing, conductive means passing through said insulating means and said bushing and into said casing, a support within said casing and secured to said bushing,a connecting member condenser plates assembled, said lower assembly platehaving depending portions, and terminal connecting and supporting means for electrically and mechanically/.engaging said. depending portions of said lower assembly plate.

18. In electrical condenser construction, in combination, a casing having therein a ,condenser construction comprising two sets of condenser plates alternated with 'each other, and insulatlon between adjacent ',plates, the plates of one set being of greater peripheral expanse than the plates of the other set, thereby to provide marginal portions, and said marginal portions being bent4 throughout their entire periphery in a direction generally .lengthwise of the axis of said sets and being of suicient -extent so that said marginal portions lsuccessively overlap'one another, thereby forming a complete outer casing for said condenser. said condenser Iconstruction being dimensioned so that said last-mentioned casing is spaced inwardly from the walls of said nist-mentioned casing, and a dielectric and cooling medium within said rst-mentioned casing and in the space betweenV said two casings for insulating the latter and for dissipating heat from said second-mentioned casing to said firstmentioned casing. 'l 19. In electrical lcondenser construction in combination, la casing having an opening therein and having mechanical supporting means therein, a condenser unit h aving supporting means adapted when inserted into said casing to engage u said mst-mentioned supporting means, said two supporting means having intertting surfaces inf clined with respect tok one another, whereby said two supporting means are wedged one into the other. s(

20. In electrical condenser construction, in combination, a casing having an opening therein and having mechanical supporting means therein, a condenser unit having supporting means adapted when inserted into said casing to-engage said first-mentioned supporting means, said two supporting means having interttlng surfaces inclined with respect to one another, said ilrst. mentioned supporting means engaging said second-mentioned Supporting means underneath the latter whereby theweight 'of said condenser unit coacts to wedgeone of said supporting means into the other, e

.21. In electrical condenser construction, in 3 combination, av casing having 'a supporting standardior holdingI the casing spaced from a .supporting surface such -as a o'or,.a'- relatively highvoltageterminal bushing in the bottom of said casing for passing electrical "conductor `means from the exterior of said casing into the ina terior thereof, a condenser construction adapted to belet down into said casing, supportingmeans within the casing for supporting said condenser construction, and means in electrical connection with said condenser' construction making electrical connection with said, conductor means as said condenser construction is brought into supporting relation to said supporting means.

22. Inl electrical condenser construction, in combination, a casing having an insulating sup-v port adjacent its bottom, said insulating support carrying conductive means, insulated terminal means in a wall of said casing and in electrical connection with said conductive means, a cong denser structure having at its bottom supporting means for coaction with said insulatingsupport to transmit the weight of the condenser structure to said insulating support, said supporting means having conductive means in electrical connection Q with said condenser structure and mechanically and electrically engaged with said mst-mentioned conductive means upon lnterrelatlon of said supporting means to' saidinsulating support.

23. In construction of the vclass described. f

in combination, a casing having an opening therein. a sleeve-like bushing secured in said opening and having insulating means associated therewith ,exteriorly of said casing, .a rod-like member within said casing and carrying and hav- 7 ing related thereto capacitor means, means independent 'of said insulating means for connecting said rod-like member to said bushing to be supported thereby, and conductive means passing through said insulating means and said bushing 1 and into said casing and being in electrical 'connection with said capacitor means.

24. In' construction of the class described, in combination, a casing having an opening therein,

' a sleeve-like bushing secured in said .opening and having insulating means associated therewith exterlorly of said casing, a rod-like member within said casing and carrying and having relatedl thereto capacitor means, a support me- 0 chanically connected to said bushing and carry- 

